# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of |
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. |
|
# This file also includes Pacific islands. |
|
# Notes are at the end of this file |
|
############################################################################### |
|
# Australia |
|
# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D |
Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S |
Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D |
Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S |
Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D |
Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S |
Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D |
# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which |
# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that |
# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. |
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
# Northern Territory |
Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
9:30 Aus AC%sT |
# Western Australia |
# |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec |
8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul |
8:00 AW AW%sT |
Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec |
8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul |
8:45 AW ACW%sT |
|
# Queensland |
# |
# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): |
# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast |
# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after |
# Queensland ceased to. |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): |
# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, |
# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. |
# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, |
# so use Lindeman. |
# |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
10:00 AQ AE%sT |
Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul |
10:00 Holiday AE%sT |
|
# South Australia |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 |
9:30 AS AC%sT |
|
# Tasmania |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): |
# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml |
# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. |
# |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep |
10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 |
10:00 AT AE%sT |
Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep |
10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul |
10:00 AT AE%sT |
|
# Victoria |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
10:00 AV AE%sT |
|
# New South Wales |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
10:00 AN AE%sT |
Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb |
10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 |
9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 |
9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 |
9:30 AS AC%sT |
|
# Lord Howe Island |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S |
Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D |
Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S |
Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S |
Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D |
Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar |
10:30 LH LH%sT |
|
# Australian miscellany |
# |
# Ashmore Is, Cartier |
# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers |
# no times are set |
# |
# Coral Sea Is |
# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists |
# no times are set |
# |
# Macquarie |
# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; |
# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the |
# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island |
# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 |
# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 |
# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. |
# |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): |
# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: |
# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not |
# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do |
# on 4 April. |
# |
# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): |
# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics |
# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; |
# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by |
# pre-2013 versions of localtime. |
Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov |
10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s |
0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 |
10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 |
11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time |
|
# Christmas |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time |
|
# Cocos (Keeling) Is |
# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. |
# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 |
6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time |
|
|
# Fiji |
|
# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. |
|
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): |
# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST |
# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. |
# |
# "Daylight savings to commence this month" |
# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 |
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html |
|
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): |
# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved |
# amendments: |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml |
|
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): |
# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on |
# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. |
# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March |
# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). |
# |
# Official source: |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 |
# |
# A bit more background info here: |
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html |
|
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): |
# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 |
# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... |
# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, |
# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html |
|
# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): |
# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date |
# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). |
# |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
# which says |
# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in |
# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to |
# 2am on February 26 next year. |
|
# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) |
# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for |
# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. |
# |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
# states: |
# |
# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 |
# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. |
# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start |
# on the 23rd of October, 2011. |
|
# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: |
# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate |
# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st |
# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 |
|
# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: |
# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... |
# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx |
|
# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): |
# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx |
|
# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): |
# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx |
|
# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 |
# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), |
# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): |
# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time |
# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at |
# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-01): |
# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to |
# 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches |
# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future |
# practice than guessing no DST. |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - |
Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S |
Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - |
Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S |
Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - |
Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - |
Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - |
Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva |
12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time |
|
# French Polynesia |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea |
-9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time |
Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct |
-9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time |
Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete |
-10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time |
# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; |
# it is uninhabited. |
|
# Guam |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 |
9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana |
10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam |
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time |
Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is |
|
# Kiribati |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki |
12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time |
Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 |
-12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time |
-11:00 - PHOT 1995 |
13:00 - PHOT |
Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 |
-10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time |
-10:00 - LINT 1995 |
14:00 - LINT |
|
# N Mariana Is |
# See Pacific/Guam. |
|
# Marshall Is |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 |
11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time |
12:00 - MHT |
Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 |
11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct |
-12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time |
12:00 - MHT |
|
# Micronesia |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 |
10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time |
Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia |
11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time |
Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 |
11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time |
12:00 - KOST 1999 |
11:00 - KOST |
|
# Nauru |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe |
11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time |
9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 |
11:30 - NRT 1979 May |
12:00 - NRT |
|
# New Caledonia |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - |
Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S |
# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. |
Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa |
11:00 NC NC%sT |
|
|
############################################################################### |
|
# New Zealand |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S |
Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M |
Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S |
Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M |
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M |
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S |
Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S |
# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no |
# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition |
# so we must duplicate the Rule lines. |
Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D |
Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S |
Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D |
Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S |
Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D |
Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D |
Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S |
Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D |
Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 |
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 |
12:00 NZ NZ%sT |
Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 |
12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 |
12:45 Chatham CHA%sT |
|
Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo |
|
# Auckland Is |
# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, |
# and scientific personnel have wintered |
|
# Campbell I |
# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 |
# scientific station operated 1941/1995; |
# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered |
# was probably like Pacific/Auckland |
|
# Cook Is |
# From Shanks & Pottenger: |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS |
Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - |
Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua |
-10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time |
-10:00 Cook CK%sT |
|
############################################################################### |
|
|
# Niue |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi |
-11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time |
-11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 |
-11:00 - NUT |
|
# Norfolk |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston |
11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time |
11:30 - NFT 1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T. |
11:30 1:00 NFST 1975 Mar 2 02:00 |
11:30 - NFT 2015 Oct 4 02:00 |
11:00 - NFT |
|
# Palau (Belau) |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror |
9:00 - PWT # Palau Time |
|
# Papua New Guinea |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 |
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time |
10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): |
# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have |
# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. |
# |
# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates |
# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. |
# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. |
# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, |
# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia |
# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm |
# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. |
# |
# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11 |
# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; |
# abbreviate this as BST. See: |
# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ |
# |
Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 |
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 |
10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul |
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21 |
10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00 |
11:00 - BST |
|
# Pitcairn |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown |
-8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 |
-8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time |
|
# American Samoa |
Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 |
-11:22:48 - LMT 1911 |
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome |
-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering |
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa |
Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands |
|
# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) |
|
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): |
# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received |
# the following info: |
# |
# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year |
# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first |
# Sunday of April 2011." |
# |
# Background info: |
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html |
# |
# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not |
# contain any dates: |
# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf |
|
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): |
# Please see |
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws |
# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday |
# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight |
# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks |
# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" |
|
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): |
# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] |
# |
# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am |
# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to |
# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock |
# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). |
|
# From David Zülke (2011-05-09): |
# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line |
# |
# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): |
# The International Date Line Act 2011 |
# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf |
# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on |
# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted |
# accordingly. |
|
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): |
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html |
# |
# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change |
# |
# DST |
# Year End Time Start Time |
# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am |
# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - |
# |
# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 |
# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours |
# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours |
# |
# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): |
# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and |
# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... |
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): |
# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. |
# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D |
Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S |
Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D |
Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S |
Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 |
-11:26:56 - LMT 1911 |
-11:30 - WSST 1950 |
-11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa |
13:00 WS WS%sT |
|
# Solomon Is |
# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara |
11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time |
|
# Tokelau Is |
# |
# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) |
# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping |
# December 31 this year ... |
# |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) |
# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking |
# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... |
# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change |
# actually was to UTC-11 back then. |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) |
# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of |
# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, |
# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau |
# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger |
# are off by an hour starting in 1901. |
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 |
-11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time |
13:00 - TKT |
|
# Tonga |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 |
12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time |
13:00 - TOT 1999 |
13:00 Tonga TO%sT |
|
# Tuvalu |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 |
12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time |
|
|
# US minor outlying islands |
|
# Howland, Baker |
# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British |
# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. |
# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; |
# uninhabited thereafter. |
# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; |
# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, |
# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). |
# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 |
# until they were abandoned after the war. |
|
# Jarvis |
# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. |
# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; |
# uninhabited thereafter. |
# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati |
|
# Johnston |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): |
# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. |
# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so |
# treat it like Hawaii for now. |
# |
# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 |
# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, |
# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM |
# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and |
# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. |
# |
# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): |
# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used |
# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, |
# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the |
# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last |
# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, |
# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the |
# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. |
# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf |
# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a |
# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time |
# Minus One Hour". |
# |
# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. |
|
# Kingman |
# uninhabited |
|
# Midway |
# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. |
|
# Palmyra |
# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati |
|
# Wake |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 |
12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time |
|
|
# Vanuatu |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - |
Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - |
Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila |
11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time |
|
# Wallis and Futuna |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 |
12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time |
|
############################################################################### |
|
# NOTES |
|
# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, |
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to |
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see |
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): |
# |
# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: |
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), |
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). |
# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. |
# |
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source |
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport |
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), |
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries |
# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, |
# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. |
# |
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, |
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which |
# I found in the UCLA library. |
# |
# For data circa 1899, a common source is: |
# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. |
# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 |
# |
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is |
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). |
# |
# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; |
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. |
# Corrections are welcome! |
# std dst |
# LMT Local Mean Time |
# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia |
# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* |
# 9:00 JST Japan |
# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia |
# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia |
# 10:00 ChST Chamorro |
# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* |
# 11:00 BST Bougainville* |
# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 |
# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present |
# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* |
# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* |
# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* |
# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* |
# -11:00 SST Samoa |
# -10:00 HST Hawaii |
# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* |
# |
# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. |
# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. |
|
############################################################################### |
|
# Australia |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): |
# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting |
# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. |
# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving |
# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native |
# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was |
# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a |
# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded |
# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables |
# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." |
# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) |
# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): |
# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia |
# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml |
# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. |
|
# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): |
# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales |
# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving |
# covers New South Wales in particular. |
|
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. |
# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' |
# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the |
# abbreviation does _not_ change... |
# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least |
# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the |
# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses |
# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight |
# time'. |
# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian |
# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' |
# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the |
# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers |
# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases |
# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; |
# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): |
# |
# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this |
# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer |
# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". |
# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common |
# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints |
# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. |
# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; |
# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web |
# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for |
# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an |
# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the |
# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: |
# |
# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] |
# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au |
# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au |
# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au |
# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au |
# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au |
# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] |
# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] |
# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au |
# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au |
# |
# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] |
# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au |
# |
# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but |
# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages |
# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since |
# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: |
# |
# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au |
# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au |
# |
# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as |
# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" |
# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. |
# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers |
# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, |
# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, |
# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). |
# |
# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations |
# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> |
# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style |
# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't |
# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations |
# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather |
# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column |
# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not |
# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." |
# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and |
# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel |
# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two |
# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political |
# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." |
# |
# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: |
# |
# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) |
# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time |
# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) |
# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT |
# |
# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) |
# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml |
# EST CST WST EDT CDT |
# |
# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) |
# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml |
# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) |
# |
# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) |
# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp |
# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT |
# |
# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) |
# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf |
# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used |
# |
# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, |
# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. |
# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: |
# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". |
# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to |
# appear in reports of events with international implications. |
# |
# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in |
# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although |
# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in |
# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it |
# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all |
# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, |
# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current |
# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and |
# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): |
# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. |
# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper |
# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, |
# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 |
# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. |
# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. |
|
# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): |
# |
# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, |
# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more |
# relevant entries in this database. |
# |
# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): |
# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) |
# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html |
# ACT |
# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 |
# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html |
# SA |
# Standard Time Act, 1898 |
# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html |
|
# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): |
# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by |
# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. |
# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday |
# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. |
# |
# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): |
# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan |
# to extend DST together in 2006. |
# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt |
# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html |
# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html |
# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 |
# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles |
# allude to it. |
# But not Queensland |
# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html |
|
# Northern Territory |
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] |
# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. |
# ... |
# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST |
|
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. |
|
# Western Australia |
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] |
# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to |
# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but |
# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus |
# # before reaching parliament. |
# ... |
# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST |
# ... |
# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W |
# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W |
|
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. |
|
# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): |
# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney |
# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at |
# work at 9.00am.) |
# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse |
# everybody again. |
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; |
# it matches what was used in the past. |
|
# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ |
# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm |
# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses |
# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. |
|
# Queensland |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] |
# # [ Dec 1990 ] |
# ... |
# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST |
# ... |
# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E |
# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E |
|
# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): |
# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from |
# October 1989). |
|
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving |
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... |
|
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact |
# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised |
# me.) |
|
# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): |
# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted |
# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... |
# ... |
# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S |
# ... |
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. |
|
# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning |
# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): |
# WA are trialing DST for three years. |
# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf |
|
# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): |
# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the |
# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western |
# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The |
# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so |
# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the |
# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South |
# Australia and Western Australia.... |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): |
# This is confirmed by the section entitled |
# "What's the deal with time zones???" in |
# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html |
# |
# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): |
# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, |
# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern |
# coast of the continent. |
# |
# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no |
# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border |
# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west |
# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is |
# the largest population centre in this zone.... |
# |
# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the |
# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I |
# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, |
# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. |
# |
# (2006-12-09): |
# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving |
# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis |
# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well |
# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): |
# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the |
# introduction of standard time in 1895. |
|
|
# southeast Australia |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT |
# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. |
# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html |
|
|
# South Australia |
|
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving |
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... |
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] |
# ... |
# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST |
# ... |
# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C |
# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C |
# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C |
|
# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): |
# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide |
# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, |
# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." |
|
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): |
# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) |
# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even |
# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival |
# is on... |
|
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): |
# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... |
# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... |
# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). |
|
# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): |
# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, |
# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can |
# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... |
|
# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): |
# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... |
# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... |
# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
# Tasmania |
|
# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd |
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): |
# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have |
# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia |
# (but nothing new about that). |
|
# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): |
# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the |
# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, |
# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria |
# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 |
# instead of the first Sunday in October. |
|
# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: |
# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
# Victoria |
|
# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd |
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): |
# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an |
# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was |
# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar |
# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located |
# in Melbourne, Australia. |
# |
# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which |
# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day |
# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's |
# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, |
# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the |
# expected time. |
# |
# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had |
# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of |
# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps |
# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. |
# |
# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html |
# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
# New South Wales |
|
# From Arthur David Olson: |
# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. |
# Based on law library research by John Mackin, |
# who notes: |
# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the |
# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" |
# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common |
# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the |
# legislation. This is very important to understand. |
# I have researched New South Wales time only... |
|
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): |
# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual |
# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, |
# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). |
# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html |
|
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): |
# See the following official NSW source: |
# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. |
# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ |
# |
# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of |
# daylight saving next year. See: |
# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving |
# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm |
# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. |
# |
# Victoria will following NSW. See: |
# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) |
# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm |
# |
# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: |
# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) |
# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm |
# |
# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: |
# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics |
# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm |
# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying |
# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time |
# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very |
# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of |
# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. |
# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." |
# |
# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: |
# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) |
# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm |
|
# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian |
# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken |
# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. |
|
# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: |
# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW |
# towns to use Queensland time. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
# Yancowinna |
|
# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): |
# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. |
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] |
# # [ Dec 1990 ] |
# ... |
# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the |
# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings |
# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government |
# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have |
# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not |
# # presently available. |
# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST |
# ... |
# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C |
# [followed by other Rules] |
|
# Lord Howe Island |
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] |
# [ Dec 1990 ] |
# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an |
# hour ahead of NSW time. |
|
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): |
# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same |
# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the |
# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is |
# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time |
# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour |
# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents |
# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing |
# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will |
# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. |
|
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): |
# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards |
# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently |
# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as |
# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start |
# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and |
# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): |
# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight |
# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 |
# summer (southern hemisphere). |
# |
# From |
# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf |
# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling |
# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. |
# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each |
# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. |
# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia |
# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and |
# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... |
# |
# We have a wrap-up here: |
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html |
############################################################################### |
|
# New Zealand |
|
# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): |
# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. |
# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for |
# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). |
# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. |
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! |
# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. |
# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] |
# ... |
# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D |
# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S |
# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S |
# ... |
# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand |
# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island |
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 |
# rather than the October 1 value. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); |
# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. |
# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight |
# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard |
# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. |
# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, |
# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. |
# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. |
# |
# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with |
# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham |
# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. |
|
# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): |
# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the |
# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning |
# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. |
# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): |
# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by |
# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). |
# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf |
# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand |
# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard |
# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New |
# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." |
# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time |
# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match |
# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did |
# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. |
|
############################################################################### |
|
|
# Fiji |
|
# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji |
# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time |
# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). |
|
# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): |
# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 |
# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will |
# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): |
# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. |
|
# From the BBC World Service in |
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): |
# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to |
# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also |
# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning |
# of the new millennium. |
|
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) |
# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. |
|
|
# Kiribati |
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): |
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati |
# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" |
# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. |
|
|
# Kwajalein |
|
# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: |
# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, |
# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with |
# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, |
# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. |
|
|
# N Mariana Is, Guam |
|
# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the |
# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones |
# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. |
# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; |
# see Asia/Manila. |
|
# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, |
# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, |
# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, |
# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". |
|
|
# Micronesia |
|
# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), |
# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' |
# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." |
# |
# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 |
# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): |
# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in |
# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) |
# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html |
# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. |
# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. |
|
|
# Midway |
|
# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), |
# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection |
# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): |
# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight |
# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, |
# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 |
# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to |
# air at 6am your time. |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): |
# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they |
# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years |
# in Midway, but we have no record of it. |
|
# Norfolk |
|
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): |
# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: |
# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text |
# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. |
# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): |
# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted |
# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's |
# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST |
# other than in 1974/5. See: |
# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html |
|
# Pitcairn |
|
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): |
# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 |
# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. |
# |
# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be |
# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known |
# as Pitcairn Standard Time. |
# |
# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several |
# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation |
# somehow in light of this proclamation. |
|
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): |
# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 |
# ... at midnight. |
|
# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: |
# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as |
# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in |
# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. |
|
|
# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa |
|
# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) |
# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change |
# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, |
# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that |
# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." |
|
# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30 |
# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11 |
# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards |
# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. |
# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950, |
# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a |
# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New |
# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. |
|
# Tonga |
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): |
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting |
# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." |
# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. |
|
# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle |
# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': |
# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm |
# |
# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST |
# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its |
# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its |
# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of |
# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees |
# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). |
# |
# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince |
# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time |
# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. |
# |
# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer |
# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 |
# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 |
# minutes we have lost?" |
# |
# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that |
# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth |
# to say your prayers in the morning." |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. |
|
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): |
# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium |
# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. |
# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from |
# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan |
# Government. |
|
# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): |
# * Tonga will introduce DST in November |
# |
# I was given this link by John Letts: |
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm |
# |
# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November |
# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead |
# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead |
# (12 + 1 hour DST). |
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): |
# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: |
# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 |
# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the |
# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on |
# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and |
# set back an hour on the closing date." |
# Alas, no indication of the time of day. |
|
# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): |
# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. |
# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. |
|
# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): |
# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com |
# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 |
# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article |
# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the |
# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. |
# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) |
|
# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): |
# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. |
|
# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: |
# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom |
# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday |
# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one |
# hour to 1:00am. |
|
# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): |
# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. |
|
|
# Wake |
|
# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, |
# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): |
# |
# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the |
# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the |
# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we |
# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time |
# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost |
# impossible. |
# |
# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): |
# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. |
|
############################################################################### |
|
# The International Date Line |
|
# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): |
# |
# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, |
# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. |
# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on |
# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. |
# |
# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and |
# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL |
# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most |
# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line |
# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific |
# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international |
# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is |
# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some |
# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not |
# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the |
# correct date is ambiguous. |
|
# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): |
# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting |
# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's |
# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's |
# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the |
# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all |
# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones |
# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any |
# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted |
# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's |
# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were |
# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many |
# independent merchant ships until World War II. |
|
# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen |
# (2005-03-20): |
# |
# The American Practical Navigator (2002) |
# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 |
# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in |
# international waters; it ignores the international date line. |
|