# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of |
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. |
|
# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, |
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to |
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see |
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): |
# |
# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: |
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), |
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). |
# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. |
# |
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source |
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport |
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), |
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries |
# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, |
# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. |
# |
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is |
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). |
# |
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for |
# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. |
# |
# Other sources occasionally used include: |
# |
# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, |
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), |
# which I found in the UCLA library. |
# |
# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition |
# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> |
# [PDF] (1914-03) |
# |
# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 |
# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: |
# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables |
# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, |
# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. |
# |
# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. |
# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see |
# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html |
# The full Russian citation is: |
# Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток |
# введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го |
# июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: |
# Десятая гос. тип., 1919. |
# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf |
# |
# Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO), |
# History of Summer Time |
# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> |
# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) |
|
# |
# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; |
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. |
# Corrections are welcome! |
# std dst 2dst |
# LMT Local Mean Time |
# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic |
# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* |
# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* |
# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer |
# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer |
# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe |
# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* |
# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* |
# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) |
# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe |
# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* |
# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe |
# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)* |
# 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Minsk, Moscow |
|
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), |
# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, |
# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. |
# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. |
# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. |
# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. |
# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for |
# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% |
# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous |
# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. |
# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) |
# ... |
# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. |
# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. |
# ... |
# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. |
# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact |
# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the |
# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed |
# in the Directive. |
|
|
############################################################################### |
|
# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) |
|
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): |
# |
# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about |
# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo |
# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph |
# of the text said: |
# |
# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands |
# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude |
# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed |
# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They |
# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, |
# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking |
# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' |
# |
# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's |
# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should |
# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. |
# |
# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] |
|
# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): |
# |
# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. |
# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, |
# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. |
# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) |
# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). |
# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway |
# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most |
# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the |
# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be |
# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. |
# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, |
# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many |
# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public |
# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock |
# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, |
# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal |
# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading |
# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. |
# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition |
# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. |
# |
# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single |
# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much |
# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): |
# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time |
# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. |
# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the |
# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), |
# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value |
# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. |
# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society |
# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: |
# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg. |
# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 |
# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html |
# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal |
# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. |
# |
# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), |
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society |
# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) |
# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, |
# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. |
# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, |
# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. |
# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and |
# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. |
# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). |
# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in |
# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular |
# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, |
# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, |
# which is permanently set to Summer Time. |
|
# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): |
# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of |
# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country |
# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which |
# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the |
# foundations of civilization throughout the world. |
# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; |
# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 |
# http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): |
# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" |
# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this |
# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the |
# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". |
# The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see: |
# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press |
# ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8. |
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): |
# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's |
# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. |
|
# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) |
# From: Jonathan Leffler |
# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. |
# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in |
# politics making a fortune, not computing. |
|
# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): |
# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the |
# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published |
# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and |
# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." |
|
# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): |
# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the |
# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) |
# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). |
|
# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): |
# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir |
# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any |
# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't |
# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British |
# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. |
# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png |
# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png |
|
# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): |
# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time |
# which is to be introduced in May.... |
# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" |
# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): |
# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common |
# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, |
# so we use 'BDST'. |
|
# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length |
# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. |
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating |
# and extending this list, which can be found in |
# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ |
|
# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): |
# |
# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; |
# see Lord Tanlaw's speech |
# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 |
# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
# |
# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. |
# |
# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger |
# are incorrect: |
# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until |
# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. |
# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. |
# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. |
# It actually just had one transition. |
# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. |
# Actually, it conformed to Britain. |
# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. |
# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. |
# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). |
# |
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: |
# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT |
# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to |
# conform with Great Britain. |
# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. |
# |
# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; |
# we'll ignore it for now. |
# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. |
# |
# |
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than |
# Shanks & Pottenger. |
# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory |
# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was |
# to London. For example: |
# |
# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." |
# -- James Joyce, Ulysses |
|
# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time |
# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that |
# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed |
# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." |
# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. |
# Irish Times 2014-10-27. |
# http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 |
|
# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): |
# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. |
# These include various relating to legal time, for example: |
# |
# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html |
# |
# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html |
# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html |
# |
# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html |
# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html |
# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html |
# |
# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html |
# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html |
# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html |
# |
# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is |
# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] |
# |
# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these |
# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover |
# the laws applicable in Ireland.) |
# |
# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined |
# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it |
# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time |
# being GMT+1.) |
|
# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): |
# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) |
# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time |
# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. |
# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that |
# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) |
# and Frethun run in CT. |
# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, |
# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, |
# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. |
# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, |
# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. |
# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. |
|
# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): |
# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, |
# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. |
# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate |
# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of |
# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is |
# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
# Summer Time Act, 1916 |
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT |
# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 |
Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT |
# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 |
Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT |
# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 |
Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT |
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 |
Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST |
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 |
Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT |
# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 |
Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT |
# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 |
Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT |
# The Summer Time Act, 1922 |
Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT |
Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
# The Summer Time Act, 1925 |
Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT |
Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 |
Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT |
# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 |
Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST |
# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 |
Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST |
# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 |
Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 |
Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST |
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 |
Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST |
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 |
Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT |
Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
# The Summer Time Act, 1947 |
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT |
# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) |
Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT |
# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) |
Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT |
# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) |
# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) |
# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) |
Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT |
# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 |
Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT |
Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) |
# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) |
# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) |
Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT |
# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) |
# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) |
# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) |
Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST |
# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) |
Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST |
# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 |
# (no summer time) |
# The Summer Time Act, 1972 |
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT |
# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) |
# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) |
# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) |
# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) |
Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST |
Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT |
# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) |
# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) |
# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) |
Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT |
# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) |
# See EU for rules starting in 1996. |
# |
# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. |
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s |
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 |
1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u |
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 |
0:00 EU GMT/BST |
Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey |
Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey |
Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man |
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 |
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 |
-0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s |
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence |
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 |
0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 |
0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 |
0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 |
0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 |
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 |
1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u |
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 |
0:00 EU GMT/IST |
|
############################################################################### |
|
# Europe |
|
# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, |
# Common Market, etc. |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S |
Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - |
Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - |
Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - |
Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S |
Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - |
# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: |
# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council |
# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. |
# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT |
|
# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. |
Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S |
Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - |
Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S |
Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
|
# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. |
# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. |
Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - |
Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - |
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - |
Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - |
# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13): |
# |
# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s |
# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was |
# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the |
# tz database itself, as seen below: |
# |
# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 |
# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 |
# |
# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 |
# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 |
# |
# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 |
# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s |
# |
# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - |
# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
# |
# The rule line to be changed is: |
# |
# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - |
# |
# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on |
# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no |
# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items |
# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms |
# CET and MET: |
# |
# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT |
# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT |
# |
# It this is right then the corrected version would look like: |
# |
# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
# |
# A small step for mankind though 8-) |
Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - |
Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
|
# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. |
Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time |
Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time |
Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time |
Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST |
Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST |
Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD |
Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK |
Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD |
Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer |
Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD |
Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
# Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): |
Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
# Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in |
# Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): |
Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
# |
Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - |
Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data. |
|
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): |
# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev |
# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. |
# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. |
# |
# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): |
# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 |
# |
# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): |
# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html |
|
# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): |
# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered |
# to be standard. |
|
# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. |
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT |
Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT |
Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT |
Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT |
|
# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST |
# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. |
|
# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): |
# The official German names ... are |
# |
# Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 |
# Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 |
# |
# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), |
# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... |
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution |
# |
# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) |
# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" |
# Postfach 3345 |
# D-38023 Braunschweig |
# phone: +49 531 592-0 |
# |
# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB |
# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the |
# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as |
# |
# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 |
# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 |
|
|
# Albania |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - |
Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S |
Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - |
Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - |
Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - |
Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 |
1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 |
1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# Andorra |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 |
0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 |
1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# Austria |
|
# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and |
# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and |
# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" |
# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition |
# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, |
# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 |
1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s |
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s |
1:00 - CET 1946 |
1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# Belarus |
# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): |
# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to |
# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). |
# |
# Sources (Russian language): |
# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html |
# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ |
# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html |
# |
# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): |
# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... |
# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08): |
# Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again. |
# |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 |
1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time |
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 |
3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s |
2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s |
2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s |
2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 1:00s |
3:00 - MSK |
|
# Belgium |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): |
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: |
# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, |
# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991 |
# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), |
# pp 8-9. |
# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: |
# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. |
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. |
# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. |
# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. |
# |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S |
# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd |
# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), |
# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 |
# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. |
Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 |
0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT |
0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 |
1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u |
0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 |
1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# Bosnia and Herzegovina |
# See Europe/Belgrade. |
|
# Bulgaria |
# |
# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): |
# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says: |
# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... |
# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October |
# |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - |
Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 |
1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? |
2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 |
1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 |
2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 |
2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00 |
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 |
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 |
2:00 EU EE%sT |
|
# Croatia |
# See Europe/Belgrade. |
|
# Cyprus |
# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. |
|
# Czech Republic |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 |
0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s |
1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. |
|
# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland |
|
# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): |
# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law |
# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... |
# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL |
# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. |
# |
# The EU treaty with effect from 1973: |
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL |
# |
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes |
# in subsequent decrees with the law |
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL |
# |
# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have |
# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST |
# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to |
# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from |
# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know |
# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only |
# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: |
# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning |
# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which |
# was suspended on that night): |
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL |
|
# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): |
# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between |
# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): |
# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not |
# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - |
Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - |
# |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 |
0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT |
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 |
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn |
0:00 - WET 1981 |
0:00 EU WE%sT |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): |
# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in |
# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. |
# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, |
# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU |
# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb |
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU |
# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. |
|
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing |
# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), |
# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: |
# |
# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC |
# is according to the following time line: |
# |
# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 |
# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 |
# Scoresbysund UTC-1 |
# Danmarkshavn UTC |
# |
# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be |
# introduced. |
|
# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): |
# |
# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at |
# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have |
# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have |
# info from earlier correspondence.] |
# |
# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule |
# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight |
# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... |
# |
# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund |
# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. |
# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the |
# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th |
# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in |
# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the |
# DPC research station at Zackenberg. |
# |
# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use |
# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb). |
# |
# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it |
# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time |
# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. |
# |
# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and |
# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators |
# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of |
# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be |
# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. |
|
# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): |
# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place |
# there at 2:00 AM. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; |
# the 1995 map as like Godthåb. |
# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996. |
# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, |
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. |
# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. |
# |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S |
Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D |
Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S |
Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D |
Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
# |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 |
-3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 |
-3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 |
0:00 - GMT |
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit |
-2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 |
-2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 |
-1:00 EU EG%sT |
Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk |
-3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 |
-3:00 EU WG%sT |
Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base |
-4:00 Thule A%sT |
|
# Estonia |
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): |
# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards |
# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, |
# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... |
# |
# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): |
# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, |
# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] |
# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different |
# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules |
# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... |
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on |
# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to |
# summer time next spring." |
|
# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: |
# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law |
# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 |
# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between |
# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). |
# |
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation |
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" |
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). |
|
# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) |
# via Steffen Thorsen: |
# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, |
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... |
# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European |
# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory |
# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do |
# after that. |
|
# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): |
# Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation |
# No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all |
# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. |
|
# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): |
# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. |
# Now we are using again EU rules. |
# |
# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28): |
# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. |
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 |
1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul |
1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May |
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 |
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s |
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s |
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 |
2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00 |
2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 |
2:00 EU EE%sT |
|
# Finland |
|
# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): |
# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, |
# and it's supposed to change at 4am... |
|
# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): |
# |
# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. |
# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour |
# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made |
# according to the central European standards. |
# |
# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac |
# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in |
# Finnish) at |
# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf |
# |
# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings |
# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. |
# |
# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: |
# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 |
# |
# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not |
# exist tonight." |
|
# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): |
# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] |
# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf |
# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 |
# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, |
# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper |
# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... |
# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): |
# Go with Oja over Shanks. |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S |
Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - |
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S |
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - |
|
# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document); |
# round to nearest. |
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 |
1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time |
2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 |
2:00 EU EE%sT |
|
# Åland Is |
Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn |
|
|
# France |
|
# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): |
# |
# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions |
# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 |
# |
# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel, |
# Paris, 1991 |
# |
# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie, |
# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987 |
|
|
# |
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - |
Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - |
Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - |
Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S |
# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st |
# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions |
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - |
Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S |
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger |
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. |
# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez, |
# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La |
# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, |
# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, |
# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois, |
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). |
Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer |
# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, |
# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), |
# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes |
# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. |
Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M |
Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S |
Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M |
Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S |
Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M |
Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S |
Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M |
Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - |
# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; |
# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. |
Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S |
Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - |
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, |
# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. |
# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based |
# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 |
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT |
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. |
0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 |
# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; |
# go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 |
0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 |
1:00 France CE%sT 1977 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# Germany |
|
# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): |
# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische |
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. |
# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] |
|
# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): |
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by |
# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ |
# General [Nikolai] Bersarin. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): |
# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf |
# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. |
# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so |
# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. |
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition |
# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. |
# Go with the PTB. |
Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M |
Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S |
Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S |
|
Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer |
Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S |
Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - |
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 |
1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 |
1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): |
# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton |
# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE |
# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. |
# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, |
# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. |
# |
# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: |
# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 |
|
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): |
# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. |
|
Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen |
|
# Georgia |
# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. |
# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) |
# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. |
|
# Gibraltar |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s |
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 |
1:00 - CET 1982 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# Greece |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - |
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S |
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - |
Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - |
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - |
Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - |
Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - |
Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S |
Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - |
Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 |
1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT |
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 |
1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 |
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 |
# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; |
# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. |
2:00 EU EE%sT |
|
# Hungary |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): |
# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from: |
# Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945. |
# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29). |
# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html |
# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks |
# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates). |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S |
Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - |
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S |
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 - |
Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - |
Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S |
Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - |
Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 |
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8 |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 |
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# Iceland |
# |
# From Adam David (1993-11-06): |
# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. |
# |
# (1993-12-05): |
# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of |
# Iceland Almanak. |
# |
# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour |
# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts |
# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which |
# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. |
# |
# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks |
# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the |
# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always |
# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. |
# |
# (1993-12-10): |
# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the |
# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus |
# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. |
# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day |
# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. |
# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" |
# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it |
# might mean something else (???). |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): |
# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see |
# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html |
# |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - |
Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - |
Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - |
Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - |
Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S |
Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - |
Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S |
# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter |
Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - |
# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter |
Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S |
# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week |
Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - |
Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - |
Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 |
-1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s |
0:00 - GMT |
|
# Italy |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): |
# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, |
# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). |
# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. |
# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, |
# so record only the time in Rome. |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and |
# F. Pollastri |
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) |
# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html |
# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute |
# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: |
# |
# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: |
# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W |
# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s |
# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S |
# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W |
# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S |
# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W |
# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S |
# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s |
# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S |
# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s |
# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) |
# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s |
# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s |
# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S |
# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S |
# |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - |
Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - |
Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - |
Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - |
Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - |
Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - |
Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - |
Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - |
Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - |
Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - |
Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - |
Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 |
0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean |
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul |
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican |
Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino |
|
# Latvia |
|
# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): |
|
# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy |
# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the |
# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about |
# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... |
# |
# Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... |
# according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 |
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning |
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) |
# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). |
# |
# Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... |
# according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 |
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning |
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 |
# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of |
# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). |
# |
# Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... |
# according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 |
# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, |
# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the |
# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia |
# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 |
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of |
# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 |
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is |
# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... |
# |
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of |
# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of |
# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. |
|
# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): |
# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in |
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of |
# 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>, |
# in Latvian for subscribers only). |
|
# From RFE/RL Newsline |
# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html |
# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: |
# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will |
# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. |
# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their |
# clocks one hour in the spring.... |
# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few |
# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European |
# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving |
# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government |
# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it |
# appears that they will not do so.... |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
|
# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). |
# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. |
# Go with Byalokoz. |
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 |
1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT |
1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST |
1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 |
1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 |
1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 |
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 |
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s |
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s |
2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 |
2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 |
2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 |
2:00 EU EE%sT |
|
# Liechtenstein |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): |
# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. |
|
# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18): |
# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf |
# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942. |
# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs: |
# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein |
# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on |
# central European time was in force throughout the year. |
# From a report of the duke's government to the high council, |
# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977. |
|
Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz |
|
|
# Lithuania |
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): |
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is |
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. |
|
# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): |
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone |
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. |
|
# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>, |
# via Steffen Thorsen: |
# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) |
# to be valid here starting from October 31, |
# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... |
# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a |
# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was |
# already done by Estonia. |
|
# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism |
# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27): |
# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. |
|
# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): |
# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will |
# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid |
# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its |
# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of |
# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at |
# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm |
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 |
1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time |
1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time |
1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 |
2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 |
1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 |
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s |
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 |
2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u |
1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u |
2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 |
2:00 EU EE%sT |
|
# Luxembourg |
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; |
# go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - |
Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - |
Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - |
Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - |
Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - |
Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - |
Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - |
Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun |
1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 |
0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s |
0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 |
1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 |
1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# Macedonia |
# See Europe/Belgrade. |
|
# Malta |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - |
Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - |
Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S |
Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - |
Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta |
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s |
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 |
1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# Moldova |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write |
# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. |
# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence |
# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). |
# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area |
# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. |
# But [two people] separately reported via |
# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. |
# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. |
# |
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): |
# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as |
# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition |
# to the Winter Time). |
# |
# News (in Russian): |
# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html |
# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html |
# |
# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) |
# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) |
# |
# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) |
# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol |
# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. |
# |
# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) |
# |
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) |
# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. |
# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own |
# decision to abolish DST this winter. |
# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- |
# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. |
# News from Moldova (in russian): |
# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html |
|
# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): |
# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 |
# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): |
# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that |
# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, |
# http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara |
# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. |
# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S |
Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - |
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 |
1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT |
1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT |
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 |
2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 |
3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 |
2:00 - EET 1991 |
2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 |
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 |
# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. |
2:00 Moldova EE%sT |
|
# Monaco |
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's |
# more precise 0:09:21. |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 |
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time |
0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 |
1:00 France CE%sT 1977 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# Montenegro |
# See Europe/Belgrade. |
|
# Netherlands |
|
# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, |
# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. |
|
# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): |
# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 |
# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including |
# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time |
# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the |
# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was |
# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. |
# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and |
# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). |
# |
# (2001-04-08): |
# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to |
# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common |
# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. |
# |
# (2001-04-09): |
# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the |
# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe |
# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was |
# actually followed. |
# |
# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to |
# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of |
# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most |
# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically |
# adopted Amsterdam mean time. |
# |
# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety |
# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it |
# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe |
# Amsterdam mean time. |
|
# The data entries before 1945 are taken from |
# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time |
Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time |
Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST |
Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT |
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST |
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT |
Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST |
Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT |
Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST |
Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST |
Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST |
# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week |
# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. |
Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST |
Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST |
Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST |
Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST |
Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
# |
# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted |
# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 |
0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 |
0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 |
1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# Norway |
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & |
# Pottenger. |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S |
Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 |
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 |
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# Svalbard & Jan Mayen |
|
# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): |
# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and |
# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the |
# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared |
# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan |
# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From |
# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and |
# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation |
# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came |
# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a |
# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From |
# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been |
# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) |
# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by |
# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever |
# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since |
# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere |
# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): |
# |
# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, |
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was |
# keeping Berlin time. |
# |
# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists |
# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in |
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite |
# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a |
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly |
# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that |
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. |
# |
# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an |
# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says |
# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ |
# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were |
# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, |
# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) |
# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html |
# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named |
# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. |
# |
# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo |
# for these regions. |
Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen |
|
# Poland |
|
# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), |
# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2. |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S |
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - |
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - |
# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, |
# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., |
# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 |
# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. |
# He also gives these further references: |
# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> |
# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> |
Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - |
Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 |
1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 |
2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun |
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct |
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 |
1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# Portugal |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: |
# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) |
# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf |
# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. |
# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees |
# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for |
# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. |
# |
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): |
# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone |
# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. |
# |
# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve |
# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. |
# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): |
# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions |
# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. |
# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. |
# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. |
# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal |
# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. |
# |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not |
# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. |
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S |
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - |
Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S |
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S |
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. |
Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S |
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S |
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S |
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. |
Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer |
Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M |
Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M |
Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. |
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - |
Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - |
Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
# |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 |
-0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time |
0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 |
1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 |
0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s |
0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s |
1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u |
0:00 EU WE%sT |
Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada |
-1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time |
-2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time |
-1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s |
-1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s |
0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u |
-1:00 EU AZO%sT |
Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal |
-1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time |
-1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time |
0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s |
0:00 EU WE%sT |
|
# Romania |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): |
# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html> |
# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at |
# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, |
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, |
# the same year as Bulgaria. |
# |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - |
Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - |
Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct |
1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT |
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s |
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 |
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 |
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 |
2:00 EU EE%sT |
|
|
# Russia |
|
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): |
# Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011 |
# (Government document |
# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ |
# in Russian) |
# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... |
# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English |
# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: |
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm |
|
# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): |
# Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: |
# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 |
# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). |
|
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): |
# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia |
# changed in September 2011: |
# |
# One source is |
# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ |
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, |
# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. |
# |
# Another source is |
# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html |
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the |
# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also |
# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: |
# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which |
# does not contain any "effective date" information. |
# |
# Another source is |
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 |
# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... |
# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" |
# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. |
# |
# The Wikipedia article refers to |
# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 |
# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. |
# |
# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's |
# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" |
# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to |
# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias |
# Conradi notes). |
# |
# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. |
# |
# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. |
|
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): |
# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) |
# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 |
# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to |
# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new |
# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... |
# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 |
# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N |
# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding |
# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): |
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html |
# |
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): |
# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) |
# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 |
# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 |
# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 |
# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this: |
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. |
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, |
# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, |
# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat |
# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. |
# |
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): |
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! |
# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; |
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching |
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. |
# |
# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): |
# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with |
# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... |
# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor |
# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. |
# |
# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): |
# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from |
# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... |
# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. |
# |
# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from |
# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): |
# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was |
# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with |
# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began |
# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. |
# |
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): |
# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in |
# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the |
# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan |
# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok |
# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are |
# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have |
# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. |
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): |
# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist |
# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions |
# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative |
# listing. The region codes listed come from |
# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 |
# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their |
# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level |
# divisions where available. |
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): |
# Europe/Kaliningrad covers... |
# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast |
|
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 |
2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2:00 - EET |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): |
# Europe/Moscow covers... |
# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of |
# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of |
# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of |
# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic |
# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of |
# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic |
# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of |
# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic |
# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic |
# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of |
# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of |
# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of |
# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic |
# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic |
# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai |
# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai |
# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast |
# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast |
# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast |
# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast |
# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast |
# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast |
# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast |
# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast |
# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast |
# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast |
# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast |
# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast |
# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast |
# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast |
# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast |
# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast |
# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast |
# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast |
# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast |
# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast |
# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast |
# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast |
# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast |
# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast |
# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast |
# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast |
# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast |
# 77 RU-MOW Moscow |
# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg |
# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug |
|
# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): |
# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow |
# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30").... |
# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. |
# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) |
# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by |
# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow |
# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory |
# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" > |
# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = |
# 2:31:19 ... |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): |
# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in |
# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895). |
# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in |
# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. |
|
Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 |
2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time |
2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 |
3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct |
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
3:00 - MSK |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): |
# Europe/Simferopol covers... |
# ** **** Crimea, Republic of |
# ** **** Sevastopol |
|
Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 |
2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T |
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 |
3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 |
2:00 - EET 1992 |
# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. |
# |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched |
# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. |
# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened |
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say |
# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it |
# changed in May. |
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May |
# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. |
3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s |
3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s |
# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. |
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 |
3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u |
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): |
# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 |
# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): |
# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks |
# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial |
# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. |
2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 |
4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
3:00 - MSK |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): |
# Europe/Volgograd covers... |
# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast |
# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast |
# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast |
# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09): |
# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300. |
# Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data. |
|
Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 |
3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time |
3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time |
4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 |
4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T |
3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
3:00 - MSK |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): |
# Europe/Samara covers... |
# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic |
# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast |
|
# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. |
|
Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 |
3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 |
4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 |
4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s |
3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 |
4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time |
3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
4:00 - SAMT |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): |
# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... |
# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of |
# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai |
# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast |
# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast |
# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast |
# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast |
# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast |
# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra |
# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug |
# |
# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak |
# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. |
|
# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. |
# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. |
# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. |
# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. |
|
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 |
3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 |
4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time |
5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
5:00 - YEKT |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): |
# Asia/Omsk covers... |
# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic |
# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai |
# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast |
|
# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. |
|
Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 |
5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time |
6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
6:00 - OMST |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): |
# Asia/Novosibirsk covers... |
# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast |
# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's |
# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. |
|
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 |
6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time |
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. |
6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
6:00 - NOVT |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): |
# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... |
# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast |
|
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): |
# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on |
# March 28, 2010: |
# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 |
# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 |
# |
# This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September |
# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth |
# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) |
# |
# Russian Government web site (Russian language) |
# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm |
# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference |
# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 |
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html |
# |
# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 |
# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. |
# |
# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as |
# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. |
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): |
# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus |
# realigning itself with KRAT. |
|
Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 |
6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time |
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s |
6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk |
7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): |
# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... |
# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic |
# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of |
# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai |
# |
# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr |
# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. |
|
# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. |
|
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 |
6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time |
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
7:00 - KRAT |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): |
# Asia/Irkutsk covers... |
# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of |
# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast |
# |
# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was |
# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. |
|
# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. |
# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. |
# Go with Byalokoz. |
|
Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 |
6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time |
7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time |
8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
8:00 - IRKT |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): |
# Asia/Chita covers... |
# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai |
# |
# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat |
# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. |
|
Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 |
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time |
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
8:00 - IRKT |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): |
# Asia/Yakutsk covers... |
# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast |
# |
# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: |
# 14-02 **** Aldansky District |
# 14-04 **** Amginsky District |
# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District |
# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District |
# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District |
# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District |
# 14-11 **** Gorny District |
# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District |
# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District |
# 14-14 **** Lensky District |
# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District |
# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District |
# 14-18 **** Namsky District |
# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District |
# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District |
# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District |
# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District |
# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District |
# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District |
# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District |
# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District |
# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District |
# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District |
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): |
# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. |
# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. |
# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. |
|
# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. |
|
Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 |
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time |
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
9:00 - YAKT |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): |
# Asia/Vladivostok covers... |
# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai |
# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai |
# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast |
# |
# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: |
# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District |
# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District |
|
# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. |
# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. |
# Go with Byalokoz. |
|
Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 |
9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time |
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
10:00 - VLAT |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): |
# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: |
# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District |
# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District |
|
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): |
# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time |
# in 2011. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): |
# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. |
# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. |
# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. |
|
Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 |
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time |
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004 |
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? |
10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
9:00 - YAKT |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): |
# Asia/Sakhalin covers... |
# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast |
# ...with the exception of: |
# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) |
|
# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. |
Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 |
9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 |
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 |
11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T |
10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s |
10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
10:00 - SAKT |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): |
# Asia/Magadan covers... |
# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast |
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): |
# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, |
# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of |
# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented |
# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will |
# need their own zone. |
|
Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time |
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
10:00 - MAGT |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): |
# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: |
# 14-01 **** Abyysky District |
# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District |
# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District |
# 14-17 **** Momsky District |
# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District |
# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District |
# |
# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: |
# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) |
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): |
# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with |
# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on |
# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District |
# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by |
# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. |
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): |
# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. |
# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone |
# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. |
# |
# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these |
# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently |
# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females |
# each! (Yikes!) |
# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 |
# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 |
# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. |
# |
# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have |
# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the |
# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most |
# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of |
# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf |
# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older |
# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. |
# Go with Srednekolymsk. |
# |
# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT |
# as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead. |
|
Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time |
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): |
# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: |
# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District |
|
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): |
# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from |
# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. |
# |
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): |
# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, |
# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of |
# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on |
# UTC+12 since at least then, too. |
|
Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 |
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time |
9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1 |
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? |
11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
10:00 - VLAT |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): |
# Asia/Kamchatka covers... |
# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai |
# |
# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak |
# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. |
|
# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps |
# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. |
Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 |
11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time |
12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s |
11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
12:00 - PETT |
|
|
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): |
# Asia/Anadyr covers... |
# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug |
|
Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time |
13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s |
12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s |
11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
12:00 - ANAT |
|
|
# San Marino |
# See Europe/Rome. |
|
# Serbia |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 |
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 |
1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s |
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s |
# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of |
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. |
# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj. |
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia |
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro |
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia |
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia |
|
# Slovakia |
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava |
|
# Slovenia |
# See Europe/Belgrade. |
|
# Spain |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; |
# go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S |
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S |
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S |
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; |
# go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S |
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer |
Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M |
Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S |
Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - |
Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - |
Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - |
Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S |
Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. |
Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S |
Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - |
Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - |
Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - |
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s |
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 |
1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 |
0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 |
0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 |
0:00 - WET 1924 |
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 |
0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 |
1:00 - CET 1986 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. |
-1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T |
0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s |
0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u |
0:00 EU WE%sT |
# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. |
# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. |
|
# Sweden |
|
# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: |
# |
# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: |
# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all |
# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at |
# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the |
# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. |
# |
# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" |
# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the |
# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... |
# |
# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk |
# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning |
# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at |
# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English |
# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west |
# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated |
# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time |
# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. |
# |
# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states |
# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is |
# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... |
# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". |
# |
# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish |
# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are |
# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available |
# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type |
# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click |
# the Sök-button). |
# |
# (2001-05-13): |
# |
# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 |
# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show |
# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some |
# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already |
# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another |
# hour before the event took place. |
# |
# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. |
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 |
1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time |
1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 |
1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 |
1:00 - CET 1980 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# Switzerland |
# From Howse: |
# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace |
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep |
# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): |
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S |
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - |
# From Shanks & Pottenger: |
# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - |
|
# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): |
# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. |
# |
# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values |
# to be wrong. This is now verified. |
# |
# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal |
# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss |
# federal law collection)... |
# |
# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am |
# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. |
# |
# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am |
# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am |
# |
# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. |
# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law |
# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any |
# other years are made. |
# |
# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported |
# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous |
# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such |
# a thing had happened in Switzerland. |
# |
# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de |
# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is |
# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled |
# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. |
# |
# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: |
# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S |
# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - |
# |
# The 1940 rules must be deleted. |
# |
# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for |
# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... |
# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of |
# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not |
# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. |
# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. |
# |
# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): |
# The Federal regulations say |
# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html |
# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50". |
# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. |
|
# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): |
# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) |
# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 |
# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight |
# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one |
# hour before the beginning of service. |
|
# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): |
# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. |
# |
# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland |
# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: |
# |
# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und |
# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, |
# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. |
# |
# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not |
# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the |
# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the |
# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on |
# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 |
# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in |
# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph |
# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" |
# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on |
# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and |
# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S |
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. |
0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time |
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 |
1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
# Turkey |
|
# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): |
# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. |
# ... The latest rules are available at: |
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): |
# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that |
# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure |
# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: |
# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm |
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT |
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM |
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 |
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 |
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): |
# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. |
|
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): |
# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC |
# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): |
# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp |
# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: |
# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm |
# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document |
# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: |
# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm |
|
# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): |
# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer |
# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. |
# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. |
# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 |
# Turkish: |
# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 |
|
# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): |
# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the |
# Turkish Local election.... |
# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik |
# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. |
# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): |
# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, |
# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST |
# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): |
# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule |
# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: |
# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency |
# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. |
# I guess the best we can do is document the official time. |
|
# From Fatih (2015-09-29): |
# It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy. |
# Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00 |
# http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217 |
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; |
# go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; |
# go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S |
Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 |
1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? |
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 |
3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time |
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 |
2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u |
2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u |
2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u |
2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u |
2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u |
2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u |
2:00 EU EE%sT |
Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. |
|
# Ukraine |
# |
# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, |
# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): |
# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government |
# regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: |
# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday |
# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of |
# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" |
|
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): |
# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to |
# abolish the transfer clock to winter time. |
# |
# Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got |
# approval from 266 deputies. |
# |
# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) |
# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ |
# |
# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) |
# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html |
# |
# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) |
# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ |
# |
# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): |
# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the |
# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter |
# time this year after all. |
# |
# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): |
# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone |
# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar |
# to Russia) was reverted today: |
# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 |
# |
# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: |
# The law documents themselves are at |
# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 |
|
# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): |
# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: |
# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST |
# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST |
# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. |
# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html |
# |
# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, |
# "summer time" was still in action): |
# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST |
# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. |
# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html |
# |
# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): |
# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST |
# |
# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): |
# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST |
# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. |
# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm |
# This is an answer. |
# |
# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: |
# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started |
# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended |
# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. |
# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm |
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. |
# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but |
# "Kiev" is more common in English. |
Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 |
2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time |
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 |
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 |
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 |
2:00 EU EE%sT |
# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. |
# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but |
# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. |
Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct |
1:00 - CET 1940 |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct |
1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 |
1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 |
3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 |
1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 |
2:00 - EET 1992 |
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 |
2:00 EU EE%sT |
# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. |
# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but |
# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English |
# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in |
# portable Posix file names. |
Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 |
2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T |
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 |
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 |
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 |
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 |
2:00 EU EE%sT |
|
# Vatican City |
# See Europe/Rome. |
|
############################################################################### |
|
# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from |
# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. |
# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. |
# |
# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but |
# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. |
# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at |
# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey |
# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time |
# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) |
|
# ... |
# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 |
# From: Tom Hofmann |
# ... |
# |
# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when |
# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only |
# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according |
# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on |
# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following |
# years... |
# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions |
# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST |
# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep |
# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. |
# |
# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the |
# Soviet Union (as far as I know). |
# |
# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, |
# 4002 Basle, Switzerland |
# ... |
|
# ... |
# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 |
# From: Dik T. Winter |
# ... |
# |
# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. |
# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information |
# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. |
# |
# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on |
# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... |
# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that |
# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 |
# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in |
# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch |
# dates... |
# |
# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. |
# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... |
# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not |
# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations |
# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always |
# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the |
# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours |
# in advance of normal time. |
# |
# ... |
# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland |
# ... |
|
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): |
# ... |
# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). |
# Since 1978. Change at midnight. |
# ... |
# Monaco: has same DST as France. |
# ... |
|